How should I price welding labour vs general fabrication labour?
Build them as separate rate cards. AWS-certified MIG/TIG welding carries a skill premium, slower deposition on critical joints, and direct consumables (gas, wire, tungsten) that a general fabrication rate does not load. US BLS Employer Costs for Employee Compensation publishes skilled-trade compensation as materially above generalist averages once statutory and benefits load is applied — fully-loaded skilled-welder cost commonly lands $55–$90/hr in developed markets versus $35–$55/hr for general shop labour. Quoting both at one blended rate hands away the welding margin on heavy-fabrication jobs while overpricing the grinding, drilling and clean-up hours on light work.
Glossary: variance (labour rate)→
What’s per-m² pricing for powder coat by colour class?
Powder coaters charge on two variables: total surface area in m² and colour class. Standard polyester whites, blacks and greys sit at the lowest rate. RAL matches, anodic-look greys and architectural ranges step up. Metallics, candies, dual-coats and chrome-effects are the highest tier because they require base + clear or extended cure. Qualicoat and the Powder Coating Institute publish the process steps — pre-treat, electrostatic application, cure schedule, film build — that drive the rate. Practically, configure a per-m² rate per colour class in your material catalogue and apply it to the job's calculated surface area, not a memorised round number.
Glossary: variance→
How do I track consumables per job?
Treat welding wire, shielding gas, flap discs, cutting wheels, anti-spatter and tip cleaners as direct cost of the job. Procore's construction COGS guide and standard managerial-accounting treatment of direct materials both class job-attributable consumables as cost of goods sold, not facility overhead. The practical rule: anything physically consumed in producing a job goes on its job-cost record, billed back via either an itemised consumables line on the quote or a percentage uplift on welding hours that maps to actual draw. Pooling consumables into overhead under-states cost on heavy-weld work and over-states it on light cutting jobs.
Glossary: job cost→
Why does kg-pricing fail on small structural sections?
Mill pricing is not linear in section size. Small sections — 25×25×2 SHS, 20×3 flat bar, 6 mm rod, light angles — cost more per kg than heavy structural because the rolling and cutting cost is amortised over less mass. The AISC steel construction reference frames this as a normal pattern: $/kg rises as section weight per metre falls. A blanket shop $/kg averaged across a mixed catalogue silently overprices heavy structural quotes (where you lose work to competitors using class-specific rates) and underprices small-section work (where you absorb the higher mill cost out of margin). Per-class $/kg fixes both ends.
Glossary: wastage percentage→
Should I quote off-site coating and on-site welding the same way?
No — they carry different risk and cost shape. Off-site powder coat or galvanising is a sub-contracted line: surface area × rate per colour class, with collection logistics and a coater lead time that drives your delivery date. On-site welding is your own labour at a skilled rate, plus consumables, plus travel and site-time premiums (set-up, isolation, hot-work permits, working at height) that workshop welding does not carry. Quote them as separate operations with separate rate cards. Lumping them into one ‘finishing’ line is how the on-site welding hours and coater invoice both end up underpriced.
Glossary: variance→
What’s a healthy gross margin in metal fabrication?
Gross margin in jobbing fabrication varies sharply by mix and geography, so any single number is illustrative rather than benchmark. Procore and trade press primers commonly cite metal and miscellaneous fabrication shops in the 20–30% gross-margin range on a fully-loaded labour build-up, with structural-only shops at the lower end and high-skill specialty fabrication (stainless food-grade, architectural feature work, AWS code welding) at the upper. The number that matters is whether your closeout margin matches your quoted margin — a 28% quoted job that closes at 14% is the leak, not the headline target.
Glossary: gross margin→